Power System Study

Relay Coordination Study

Time-current coordination, selectivity verification, TCC development, and relay settings optimization for reliable power system protection.

What is Relay Coordination?

Relay coordination ensures protective devices operate in the correct sequence to isolate faults while maintaining service to unaffected areas. The study develops relay settings, verifies selectivity through time-current curve (TCC) analysis, and documents coordination margins between upstream and downstream devices.

Proper coordination prevents cascading outages, reduces equipment damage, and maintains system reliability. Time-current curves graphically demonstrate device operating characteristics and verify adequate separation between protection zones under various fault conditions.

This study is essential for new installations, equipment changes, generator interconnection, and NERC compliance. It supports PRC-005 maintenance programs and ensures protection systems perform as designed.

When This Study Is Required

Generator/BESS Interconnection

Protection scheme design and utility coordination requirements

New Equipment or Modifications

Transformers, feeders, breakers, or relay replacements

Protection System Upgrades

Relay modernization or settings optimization

NERC Compliance Support

PRC-005, PRC-023, PRC-025, PRC-027 documentation

What eGridSync Delivers

Protection zone identification and one-line review

Short-circuit analysis (if not already available)

Device characteristic curves and CT/PT ratio verification

Time-current curve (TCC) plots showing coordination

Relay settings calculations and recommendations

Selectivity verification and margin documentation

Coordination constraints identification and mitigation

Settings tables and programming files (where applicable)

Final coordination report with TCCs and recommendations

Inputs Required (Data Request Checklist)

Item Examples Why Required
One-line diagramProtection zones, relay locations, device typesDefine coordination scope
Short-circuit currentsMax/min fault duties at key busesRequired for TCC development
Relay types & modelsManufacturer, model, firmwareDevice capabilities and curves
CT/PT ratiosCurrent/voltage transformer ratiosPrimary to secondary conversion
Existing settingsCurrent relay settings filesBaseline and validation
Coordination criteriaTime intervals, philosophyDesign requirements

Relay Coordination Principles

Selectivity

Downstream devices clear faults before upstream devices operate

Time Coordination

Adequate time margin between device operations (0.2-0.4s typical)

TCC Analysis

Graphical verification of coordination under all fault conditions

Speed vs Selectivity

Balance fast fault clearing with proper coordination

Common Coordination Challenges

Insufficient Time Margin

Curves too close causing potential miscoordination and unnecessary outages

Curve Crossover

Protection curves intersecting at certain fault levels losing selectivity

Outdated Settings

System changes invalidating existing coordination requiring updates

Missing Fault Current Data

Inadequate short-circuit data preventing proper coordination analysis

Frequently Asked Questions

What is relay coordination?

Ensuring relays operate in proper sequence to isolate faults with minimal system impact.

What is a TCC?

Time-Current Curve showing when protective devices operate at different fault levels.

How much margin is needed?

Typically 0.2-0.4 seconds between upstream and downstream device operations.

Can you coordinate with utility?

Yes, if utility provides relay data; otherwise we coordinate to the POI.

Do you provide settings files?

Yes—relay programming files where applicable.

What if curves cross?

We recommend adjustments or document the constraint and mitigation options.

How does this relate to PRC-005?

Coordination supports protection system performance and maintenance documentation.

Can you verify existing settings?

Yes—we review current settings against system conditions.

What software do you use?

Industry-standard tools for coordination and protection analysis.

How long does this study take?

Typically 2-4 weeks depending on system complexity.

Ready for Relay Coordination?

Contact eGridSync for TCC development and relay settings optimization.