Power System Study

Protection Coordination Study

Relay coordination, time-current curve analysis, settings development, and selectivity verification for reliable power system protection.

What is Protection Coordination?

Protection coordination ensures that protective devices (relays, fuses, breakers) operate in the correct sequence to isolate faults with minimal impact to the system. Proper coordination prevents unnecessary outages, limits equipment damage, and maintains service continuity beyond the faulted section.

A coordination study evaluates device characteristics, fault currents, and operating times to verify selectivity—meaning upstream devices allow downstream devices to clear faults first. Time-current curves (TCCs) graphically demonstrate coordination margins and identify miscoordination risks.

This study is critical for new installations, equipment changes, interconnection projects, and compliance with protective relaying standards. It informs settings development, device selection, and operational practices.

When This Study Is Required

New Generator/BESS Interconnection

Protection scheme development and utility coordination

Facility Expansion or Upgrades

New feeders, transformers, or equipment requiring protection

Relay Replacement or Settings Changes

Modernization, upgrades, or technology changes

Miscoordination or Protection Issues

Addressing operational problems and compliance gaps

What eGridSync Delivers

One-line diagram review and protection zone identification

Short-circuit analysis (if not already completed)

Device characteristic data collection and validation

Time-current curve (TCC) development showing coordination

Relay settings calculations and recommendations

Selectivity verification and margin documentation

Miscoordination identification and mitigation options

Settings tables and relay programming files (where applicable)

Final coordination report and TCC plots

Inputs Required (Data Request Checklist)

Item Examples Why Required
One-line diagramProtection zones, relay locations, device typesDefine coordination scope
Short-circuit currentsMax/min fault duties at key busesRequired for all coordination studies
Relay types and modelsManufacturer, model, firmware versionCharacteristic curves and capabilities
CT/PT ratiosCurrent/voltage transformer ratiosConvert primary to secondary values
Existing settings (if applicable)Current relay settings filesBaseline and validation
Protection philosophyDesign criteria, coordination time intervalsAlignment with operational requirements

Key Coordination Principles

Selectivity

Downstream devices operate before upstream devices allow time delay

Time Interval

Adequate margin (typically 0.2-0.4s) between device operations

Coordination Margin

Safety factor accounting for tolerances and uncertainties

Sensitivity vs Speed

Balance fault detection with clearing speed requirements

Common Coordination Issues

Insufficient Time Margin

Upstream and downstream curves too close causing potential misoperation

Curve Crossover

Protection curves intersect losing selectivity at certain fault levels

Settings Not Updated After Changes

System modifications invalidating existing coordination requiring settings revision

Inadequate Short-Circuit Data

Missing or incorrect fault currents causing improper coordination analysis

Frequently Asked Questions

What is protection coordination?

Ensuring protective devices operate in proper sequence to isolate faults with minimal impact.

Do you create TCC plots?

Yes—time-current curves showing coordination margins.

Can you support relay commissioning?

Yes—settings files and field support if needed.

What software do you use?

Industry-standard tools for coordination and arc flash analysis.

How does this relate to PRC standards?

Coordination supports PRC-005 maintenance and PRC-027 performance requirements.

What if coordination cannot be achieved?

We document constraints and recommend alternatives (adjust settings, change device types, add equipment).

Do you verify existing settings?

Yes—settings review and validation against current system conditions.

Can you coordinate with utility protection?

Yes, if utility provides data; otherwise we coordinate to the POI.

What deliverables do you provide?

TCC plots, settings tables, coordination report, and settings files.

How long does a coordination study take?

Typically 2-4 weeks depending on system size and complexity.

Ready for Protection Coordination Analysis?

Contact eGridSync for relay coordination and settings development support.